Winter climatology of upper-level frontal zones in the Northern Hemisphere     

O. A. Razorenova 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2016,41(1):1-9

Average long-term fields of geopotential gradients in the middle and upper troposphere and temperature gradients and geopotential Laplacian in the middle troposphere in the Northern Hemisphere in winter are analyzed. Based on the analysis of the distribution of the maximum values of gradients, the average long-term position of upper-level frontal zones and their axial lines was determined. Their spatial distribution is analyzed from the point of view of interaction between thermobaric fields over different regions of the globe. Average long-term parameters of upper-level frontal zones in the middle troposphere are presented. Average long-term fields of wind speed in the middle and upper troposphere are investigated. It is demonstrated that the zones of the maximum values of wind speed agree well with the position of separated upper-level frontal zones.  相似文献   

Long-term estimates of parameters of the vertical distribution of cloud layers from atmospheric radiosounding data     

I. V. Chernykh  O. A. Aldukhov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2016,41(4):229-239

Based on the global aerological dataset and on the method for determination of the boundaries and amount of cloudiness using the profiles of temperature and humidity obtained from the atmospheric radiosounding data [23], the estimates are computed for the parameters of atmospheric temperature- humidity separation into cloud and intercloud layers from the surface to the height of 10 km. The base and top of cloud layers and their total thickness and frequency are selected as layering parameters. The computations are based on the data for the observational period of 1964-1998. To specify the spatiotemporal features of atmospheric layering, long-term geographic distributions of mean values and standard deviations of the mentioned parameters are constructed for January and July, and the amplitude of their variations is determined.  相似文献   

Diurnal variations of temperature as a cause of periodic variations of high-frequency geoacoustic emission     

Yu. V. Marapulets  A. A. Solodchuk 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2016,41(4):255-260

Investigated is the periodic component of geoacoustic emission within the frequency band from 2.0 to 6.5 kHz registered by the piezoceramic hydrophone installed near the bottom of Lake Mikizha in the Kamchatka Peninsula. It is revealed that the variation period is 24 hours and the maximum variation is observed in summer, when the average daily air temperature is above 10°C. In that period the close connection is revealed between the series of air temperature and geoacoustic emission. Taking into account the similar results of measurements of the ground surface slope at the observation site, the most probable reason for the diurnal variations of high-frequency geoacoustic emission is the deformation of near-surface sedimentary rocks caused by diurnal variations of temperature.  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal variations in climate moisture indices in Georgia under global warming     

E. Sh. Elizbarashvili  M. E. Elizbarashvili  N. B. Kutaladze  I. Keggenhoff  Sh. E. Elizbarashvili  B. M. Kikvadze  N. M. Gogia 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2016,41(4):261-267

Using observational data from 50 weather stations in Georgia for the period of 1936-2013, the following climate indices of moisture regime are studied: maximum 1-day precipitation, maximum 5-day precipitation, the simple daily intensity index, the number of days with precipitation equal to not less than 10, 20, and 50 mm, number of consecutive wet and dry days. Geoinformation maps of the spatial structure are plotted, and the dynamics of these indices is studied for the period of global warming. Expected changes in the moisture regime in different physiographic regions in Georgia are assessed.  相似文献   

Estimation of drought-related yield loss using the dynamic statistical model of crop productivity forecasting     

A. D. Kleshchenko  V. M. Lebedeva  T. A. Goncharova  T. A. Naidina  N. M. Shklyaeva 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2016,41(4):299-306

The methodological approach is proposed to the estimation of drought-related crop yield loss based on the dynamic statistical model of crop productivity forecasting. The obtained results agree well with the total actual crop yield loss. The approach under consideration is the first stage of creation of operational assessment of expected loss.  相似文献   

Long-term projection of main parameters of regional climate till the year 3000     

V. A. Vetrov  O. K. Borisova  A. A. Velichko 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2016,41(5):312-325

The methods are considered to solve the problem of secure isolation of radioactive waste containing long-lived products of nuclear fuel processing with a half-life of tens of thousands years (plutonium etc.). The methodology of long-term projection of average annual surface air temperature and total precipitation is proposed. Taking into account the possible scenarios of the development of the global socioeconomic system, variations due to the anthropogenic impact in average annual temperature at the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes for the period till 2300 are estimated. Based on paleoclimatic data, projections of natural trends in global average annual temperature and total precipitation till the year 3000 are developed. Taking into account the anthropogenic component, the projective ranges of these climatic parameters in the Vyatka River basin in 2100-3000 are evaluated.  相似文献   

Verification of the multi-chamber model of radioactivity migration in reservoirs     

A. L. Krylov  A. V. Nosov  V. P. Kiselev 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2016,41(5):344-350

A multi-chamber model of radioactivity migration in reservoirs was developed. It describes transport of radioactive substances in water and in bed sediments taking into account sorbtion of radionuclides on suspended particles. The model provides higher resolution than simplified chamber models do. At the same time, unlike complex two- or three-dimensional dynamic models, it does not require hard-to-obtain data such as detailed data on bathymetry, currents and winds. The model was included into the Sybilla program code that was developed in the framework of the Rosatom project called PRORYV. The model was verified against the observed data on the contamination of the Kiev Reservoir with ¹³⁷Cs in 1986.  相似文献   

Applying the energy- and water balance model for incorporation of the cryospheric component into a climate model. Part II. Modeled mass balance on the green land ice sheet surface     

O. O. Rybak  E. M. Volodin  A. P. Nevecherya  P. A. Morozova 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2016,41(6):379-387

The Greenland ice sheet is a very important potential source of fresh water inflow to the World Ocean under warming climate conditions. Apparently, it was the same during the Last Interglacial 130-115 thousand years ago. In order to quantify input of the Greenland ice sheet to the rise of the global mean sea level in the past or in the future, we include a surface mass balance model block into the Earth System Model. The computational algorithm is based on the calculation of energy balance on the ice sheet surface. The key tuning parameter of the model is the daily amplitude of air surface temperature. It defines the area and the rate of snow or ice melting. The range of possible values of this parameter is determined during a series of numerical experiments. High sensitivity of meltwater runoff volume to surface air temperature amplitude is revealed.  相似文献   

Variability of atmospheric circulation under the climate change in West Siberia in the late 20th–early 21st centuries     

E. V. Kharyutkina  S. V. Loginov  Yu. V. Martynova 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2016,41(6):435-438

The estimates of spatiotemporal variability of climatic parameters in West Siberia are obtained over the period of 1976-2014. It is revealed that this variability is affected by the parameters of atmospheric circulation such as wind speed components, relative vorticity, and large-scale circulation indices. It is found that in winter the warming changed into the cooling that is particularly associated with the change in atmospheric circulation patterns described by the SCAND index.  相似文献   

Extreme wind speeds in the European sector of the Arctic     

A. V. Kislov  T. A. Matveeva 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2016,41(7):447-454

Variations in extreme wind speed over the European part of the Arctic are studied from the data of meteorological observations, reanalysis, and modeling based on the INM CM4 climate model. It is demonstrated that the extremes determined from the observational data are a mixture of two datasets well simulated by the Weibull distribution. According to the special metaphoric terminology, they are called “black swans” and “dragons.” The analysis of extreme wind speeds based on the reanalysis and INM CM4 data demonstrated that they consist of “black swans” only. This important fact indicates that the models (at least those with medium horizontal resolution) are not able to simulate some essential circulation mechanisms causing the formation of significant anomalies of wind speed. Hence, the problem of direct identification of wind speed extremes based on the atmospheric modeling remains open.  相似文献